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Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCAs) are mutagenic and/or carcinogenic compounds formed naturally during cooking of proteinaceous food such as meat and fish. In the present study, the effect of seven cooking methods (boiling, grilling, pan-frying without fat or oil, pan-frying with oil, deep fat frying, oven and microwave) on the formation of HCAs in goose breast and leg meats was evaluated. Varying levels of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (up to 2.42 ng/g), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (up to 0.08 ng/g), 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (up to 0.21 ng/g), 2-ami ...Daha fazlası
A metamaterial-based transmission line sensor was designed to determine the amount of methanol in methanol-contaminated local spirit samples both numerically and experimentally. The proposed sensor consists of a square split-ring resonator and a transmission line. The dielectric constants of four different types of branded local spirit samples were measured. Electric field distribution has been given when the sample holder was filled with branded local spirit. Then the results were compared to show that they have almost the same characteristics. After different percentages of methanol were add ...Daha fazlası